Al-Lauh

The Da’wah Journey of Prophet Ibrahim (AS): A Research Analysis

Kalsoom bibi, Prof Dr Muddassir Ahmad; Dr Khalid Mehmood — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the life, mission, and dawah of Prophet Ibraham (AS) as a central figure in Islamic thought and history. It highlights his unique position as the father of the prophets, a model of monotheism, and a symbol of unwavering faith. The research examines his background, lineage, early intellectual maturity, and his struggle against idolatry, star worship, and polytheism. It further analyzes his trials, including his arguments with his father and the tyrant Nimrod, the fire incident, the migration, and his role in laying the foundations of Islamic rituals such as the Hajj and the construction of the Kaaba. The study reflects on his spiritual journey from faith to certainty, his supplication, and his exemplary patience and trust in Allah. Through an analytical and historical perspective, this article presents Prophet Ibraham (AS) as a timeless model for the da’wah, morality, and monotheism.

Approaches of Russian Orientalists towards Islam

Dr Asma Aziz, Kaneez Fatima, Arooj Fatima — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Russian Orientalism represents a unique trajectory in the broader history of Western engagement with Islam. Shaped by Russia’s imperial expansion into Muslim-majority regions of the Caucasus, Volga-Ural, and Central Asia, Russian scholars developed critiques of Islam that were inseparable from state policy, Orthodox missionary activity, and later Marxist-Leninist ideology. This article examines the works of nine prominent Russian Orientalists from the 19th to late 20th centuries: Nikolai Il’minskii, Nikolai Ostroumov, Evgenii Beliaev, Liutsian Klimovich, Ignaty Krachkovsky, Valentin Ditiakin, Mikhail Reisner, Mikhail Tomara, and Gleb Snesarev. It analyzes their contributions to Arabic, Persian, Turkic, and Islamic studies, with particular attention to missionary polemics, Marxist historical materialism, and ethnographic modernization theory. The study argues that Russian Orientalism functioned as both academic discipline and ideological apparatus, consistently reducing Islam to politics, economics, or culture while denying its self-understanding as revelation. The legacy of these critiques continues to influence post-Soviet scholarship and contemporary debates on religion, secularism, and state formation in Eurasia.

Artistic Characteristics and Stylistic Aesthetics in the Poetry of Ibrahim Tuqan: An Analytical Study

Dr Mumtaz Ahmed Sadidi, Dr Iftikhar Ahmed — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents an analytical examination of the poetry of the Palestinian poet Ibrahim Tuqan (1905–1941) and its profound influence on the development of modern Palestinian literature. It also reviews the major milestones of his life, as well as his intellectual and creative journey. The research explores the artistic and intellectual characteristics of his poetry through an analytical and critical approach, examining selected examples of his patriotic, romantic, emotional, and social poems. It further highlights his pioneering role in transforming Palestinian poetry from a form of personal expression into a vehicle of collective national commitment. The study concludes that Ibrahim Tuqan successfully combined fidelity to the traditional Arabic poetic form with innovation in rhythm, imagery, and meaning, producing poetry that was both sincere and deeply connected to the emotions and aspirations of the Palestinian people. The findings also reveal that his personal suffering and chronic health challenges endowed his poetry with exceptional expressive power, transforming it into a unique human and national document. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Tuqan established a multidimensional discourse of poetic resistance that extended beyond political concerns to encompass social, humanistic, and existential dimensions.

Islam and Western Civilization in Contemporary Islamic Thought: A Critical Analytical Study

Azka Afzal — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the position of contemporary Islamic thought toward Western civilization through a critical analytical approach. It explores the intellectual foundations and philosophical principles of Western civilization and compares them with the Islamic worldview regarding humanity, knowledge, ethics, and civilization. The study aims to identify the benefits that can be derived from Western scientific and technological achievements while preserving Islamic beliefs and moral values. It also addresses contemporary challenges, including globalization, secularism, artificial intelligence, and digital media, and analyzes their impact on Islamic identity and values. The research adopts a critical analytical methodology and draws upon Bar-e-Sagheer Mein Islami Fikr by Professor Aziz Ahmad as one of its primary sources, alongside classical Islamic references and contemporary scholarly studies. The study concludes that Islam does not reject scientific or civilizational progress; rather, it encourages its ethical and responsible use within a framework of faith, justice, and human dignity, thereby achieving a balanced integration of authenticity and modernity.

Ibn Khaldun's Contributions to the Service of the Arabic Language and Its Literature

Sajjida Nasreen — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the contributions of Ibn Khaldun to the service of the Arabic language and its literature through an analytical study of his linguistic and literary thought, particularly as presented in Al-Muqaddimah. The research highlights Ibn Khaldun's comprehensive vision of Arabic as the language of the Qur'an, the foundation of Islamic scholarship, and a vital element of cultural and civilizational identity. It explores his theory of linguistic competence (malakah), emphasizing that language acquisition is achieved through continuous exposure, practice, and interaction with eloquent speakers rather than through the memorization of grammatical rules alone. The study also investigates Ibn Khaldun's views on Arabic grammar, rhetoric, literary criticism, poetry, and the relationship between language and civilization (ʿumrān). It demonstrates how he linked linguistic development and literary creativity to social and cultural conditions, making him one of the earliest scholars to approach language and literature from a sociological perspective. Furthermore, the research discusses his criticism of excessive formalism in rhetoric, his balanced approach to grammar, and his emphasis on literary taste and stylistic excellence. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun's linguistic and literary theories anticipated several principles of modern linguistics, language acquisition, and literary criticism. His ideas continue to offer valuable insights for contemporary Arabic language studies and literary scholarship, confirming his enduring intellectual legacy in Islamic civilization.

A Critical Study of Al-Iḥsān fī Taʿqīb al-Itqān li'l-Suyūṭī

Zabi ullah — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The evaluation and analysis concerning Imām Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, demonstrating that the objections raised against his celebrated work, al-Itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān by ʿAllāmah ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ṣiddīq al-Ghumārī in his treatise al-Iḥsān fī Taʿaqqub al-Itqān, do not withstand scrutiny when weighed upon the touchstone of rigorous scholarly examination, but rather remain confined to superficial critique and cursory objection. The foundational principle that jarḥ wa taʿdīl (the science of critical evaluation and validation of narrators), within the methodology of the muḥaddithīn, is itself a matter of ijtihād (independent scholarly reasoning), wherein divergence of opinion among the specialists of the discipline is not merely natural but expected, since every muḥaddith renders judgment upon a narration or narrator in the light of his own discernment, his own sources, and his own critical standard. It follows, then, that the mere holding of a divergent opinion by one muḥaddith against another does not, in itself, suffice to establish the error of the latter, unless that divergence is buttressed by firm indicators, substantiated proofs, and credible evidence capable of elevating mere assertion to the rank of certainty.

Measured upon this very scale, when ʿAllāmah al-Ghumārī's most fundamental claim, namely, that certain narrations mentioned in al-Itqān are mawḍūʿ (fabricated) is examined, it is found to remain at the level of bare assertion, for in its support neither was any isnād-based investigation presented, nor any authentic specimen of ʿilm al-rijāl (the science of narrator-criticism), nor any credible testimony of the kind considered by the muḥaddithīn an indispensable precondition for pronouncing the verdict of fabrication upon a narration. It bears remembering that the verdict of waḍʿ (fabrication) is, within the science of ḥadīth, reckoned the gravest and most delicate of judgments, one requiring the clear identification of a break in the chain of transmission, demonstrable proof of the presence of liars and fabricators among the narrators, or such explicit testimony of the text itself as would establish, upon the joint scales of reason and transmitted evidence, the falsity of the narration. Al-Ghumārī's critique, by contrast, falls well short of this exalted standard, failing to establish that proportion between claim and proof which constitutes the very spirit and essential temperament of ḥadīth criticism.The sum of the matter is this: that while fully acknowledging the latitude for divergence of opinion, in keeping with the traditional breadth of temperament shown by the people of learning, the charge of fabrication levelled against al-Itqān proves wholly unfounded and devoid of substantiating proof and thus the scholarly and critical rank of al-Suyūṭī remains, notwithstanding this critique, firmly established, exalted, and unclouded.

The Punishment of the Losers (Al-Khāsirin), the Prophetic Fear of Spiritual Loss, and the Principles of Salvation: A Qur'anic Study

Laraib Mushtaq, Dr Uzma Saffat — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research article examines the Qur’ānic concept of loss by highlighting its major causes, consequences, historical examples, and the prophetic attitude towards it. Human loss is not limited to false beliefs alone; rather, negligence, disobedience, moral corruption, and wrongful actions also lead a person towards destruction in this world and the Hereafter. The study discusses the punishments and consequences faced by the heedless and those who turned away from divine guidance. It further presents examples of loss and ruin among previous nations as mentioned in the Holy Qur’ān, showing how denial, arrogance, and persistent sin became the causes of their downfall. Moreover, the article explains that despite being chosen and protected by Allah, the Prophets were deeply conscious of accountability, feared every path leading to loss, and continuously warned their nations against actions that result in ruin. The study concludes that the Qur’ānic narratives of past nations and the conduct of the Prophets provide lasting guidance for humanity to avoid loss and attain success.

Mujaddidi Comentary on Hadith: A Thematic Study and Review

Hafsah Arif — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Hazrat Mujaddid Alf-i Thānī, Imām Rabbānī (may Allah have mercy on him), was one of the greatest reformers in Islamic history who guided humanity, which had been immersed in intellectual and spiritual darkness, towards enlightened and righteous paths. He fulfilled this noble mission not only through his practical efforts but also through his scholarly writings, which illuminated the hearts and minds of people. His teachings remained strictly in accordance with the principles of the Sharīʿah, consistently drawing guidance from the Qurʾān and Sunnah.

Due to his profound scholarship and intellectual contributions, he became widely recognized as a reformer (Mujaddid), jurist (Mujtahid), thinker (Mutafakkir), exegete (Mufassir), and scholar of Ḥadīth (Muḥaddith). His scholarly and reformative services were not only widely acknowledged in the tenth century Hijrī but continue to be appreciated throughout the ages. His teachings remain a lasting source of guidance for generations to come.

Imām Rabbānī closely linked his teachings with the Qurʾān and Sunnah and devoted significant efforts to the moral and spiritual reform of society. As a scholar of Ḥadīth, he explained the sayings of the Holy Prophet Muḥammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in a clear and accessible manner for the general public. In his explanations, he presented thoughtful analytical traditions related to various aspects of Islamic life, including beliefs (ʿAqāʾid), acts of worship (ʿIbādāt), social dealings (Muʿāmalāt), righteous actions, the Prophetic biography (Sīrah), virtues (Faḍāʾil), and other important themes.

Through these detailed explanations, he addressed and resolved many intellectual and practical questions faced by the Muslim community. The present article offers a thematic analysis of selected important interpretations presented by Imām Rabbānī (may Allah have mercy on him), highlighting their scholarly significance and relevance.